行政指導が広範囲に用いられることは、日本特有のやり方だと考えられている。これにより、官僚は民間に対して、ああしろ、こうしろ、ああするな、こうするな、という強い権限を法律の裏づけなしに行使することができる。

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English Translation

The widespread application of administrative guidance is considered to be a uniquely Japanese practice in which bureaucrats exert authority, without any legal backing, telling the private sector what to do and what not to do.

Furigana

行政(ぎょうせい)指導(しどう)が広範囲(こうはんい)に用(もち)いられることは、日本(にっぽん)特有(とくゆう)のやり方(かた)だと考(かんが)えられている。これにより、官僚(かんりょう)は民間(みんかん)に対(たい)して、ああしろ、こうしろ、ああするな、こうするな、という強(つよ)い権限(けんげん)を法律(ほうりつ)の裏(うら)づけなしに行使(こうし)することができる。

Romanji

Gyōsei shidō ga kōhan'i ni mochiirareru koto wa, Nippon tokuyū no yarikata da to kangaerareteiru. kore niyori, kanryō wa minkan nitaishite, ā shiro, kō shiro, ā suru na, kō suru na, toiu tsuyoi kengen o hōritsu no urazuke nashi ni kōshisuru koto ga dekiru.

Words

行政 (ぎょうせい)

administration

指導 (しどう)

leadership; guidance; coaching; shido (disciplinary action for a minor infringement of the rules of judo)

が (が)

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; still; and

広範囲 (こうはんい)

extensive; vast range; wide scope

に (に)

at (place, time); in; on; during; to (direction, state); toward; into; for (purpose); because of (reason); for; with; by; from; as (i.e. in the role of); per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month"); and; in addition to; if; although

用いる (もちいる)

to use; to make use of; to utilize; to utilise

事 (こと、こん)

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis; circumstances; situation; state of affairs; work; business; affair; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to; nominalizing suffix; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...; alias; aka; nickname; alternative name; also known as

は (は)

topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

日本 (にほん、にっぽん)

Japan

特有 (とくゆう)

characteristic (of); peculiar (to)

の (の)

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

やり方 (やりかた)

manner of doing; way; method; means

だ (だ)

be; is; indicates past or completed action; indicates light imperative

と (と)

if; when; and; with; particle used for quoting (with speech, thoughts, etc.); quoting particle; promoted pawn; indicates question (sentence end)

考える (かんがえる)

to think about; to take into consideration; to ponder; to reflect; to try to come at a conclusion; to think over (something); to intend; to decide (to do); to plan; to come up with; to devise; to scheme; to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to suspect; to doubt; to consider (somebody to be something); to look on

此れ (これ)

this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic); this person (usu. indicating someone in one's in-group); now; here; I (me); certainly

に因り (により)

according to; by (means of); due to; because of

官僚 (かんりょう)

bureaucrat; bureaucracy

民間 (みんかん)

private; civilian; civil; popular; folk; unofficial

に対して (にたいして)

towards; against; regarding; in contrast with

嗚呼 (ああ、アー)

Ah!; Oh!; Alas!; Yes; Indeed; That is correct; Hey!; Yo!; Uh huh; Yeah yeah; Right; Gotcha

為る (する)

to do; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into); to serve as; to act as; to work as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.); to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as; to decide on; to choose; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.); to be (in a state, condition, etc.); to be worth; to cost; to pass (of time); to elapse; verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs"); creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go"); to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to

斯う (こう)

in this way (used for something or someone close to the speaker, including the speaker himself, or for the opinions of the speaker); thus; such; uh... (interjection used as a verbal pause)

ああ (ああ)

like that (used for something or someone distant from both speaker and listener); so

な (な)

(sentence end, mainly masc.) indicates emotion or emphasis; (used with masu stem verb) command; (used with dictionary form verb) prohibition

と言う (という、とゆう)

called; named; as many as; as much as; all X; every X

強い (つよい)

strong; powerful; mighty; potent; resistant; resilient; durable

権限 (けんげん)

power; authority; jurisdiction

を (を)

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

法律 (ほうりつ)

law

裏付け (うらづけ)

backing; support; endorsement; collateral; security; guarantee; proof; substantiation; foundation; lining (something); something lined

無い (ない)

nonexistent; not being (there); unpossessed; unowned; not had; unique; indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility; not ...; to not be...; to have not ...

行使 (こうし)

use; exercise (of one's right, authority, power, etc.)

出来る (できる)

to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at; to be permitted (to do); to become intimate; to take up (with somebody); to grow; to be raised; to become pregnant