ジョンソンの研究では受動喫煙が非常に有害であることが明確に示されている。

Sentence Analyzer

ジョンソン の 研究 で は 受動 喫煙 が 非常 に 有害 で ある こと が 明確 に 示されている 。

English Translation

It is clearly shown in Johnson's investigation that passive smoking is very harmful.

Furigana

ジョンソンの研究(けんきゅう)では受動(じゅどう)喫煙(きつえん)が非常(ひじょう)に有害(ゆうがい)であることが明確(めいかく)に示(しめ)されている。

Romanji

Jonson no kenkyū de wa judō kitsuen ga hijō ni yūgai de aru koto ga meikaku ni shimesareteiru.

Words

の (の)

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

研究 (けんきゅう)

study; research; investigation

で (で、にて)

indicates location of action; at; in; indicates time of action; indicates means of action; cause of effect; by; and then; so; indicates continuing action; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.

は (は)

topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

受動 (じゅどう)

passive

喫煙 (きつえん)

smoking

が (が)

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; still; and

非常 (ひじょう)

emergency; extraordinary; unusual

に (に)

at (place, time); in; on; during; to (direction, state); toward; into; for (purpose); because of (reason); for; with; by; from; as (i.e. in the role of); per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month"); and; in addition to; if; although

有害 (ゆうがい)

harmfulness

だ (だ)

be; is; indicates past or completed action; indicates light imperative

或 (ある)

a certain ...; some ...

事 (こと、こん)

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis; circumstances; situation; state of affairs; work; business; affair; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to; nominalizing suffix; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...; alias; aka; nickname; alternative name; also known as

明確 (めいかく)

clear; precise; definite; distinct

示す (しめす)

to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to tell; to exemplify; to make apparent; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show; to represent; to signify; to display

Kanji

研

Readings: ケン、 と.ぐ

Meanings: polish, study of, sharpen

究

Readings: キュウ、 ク、 きわ.める

Meanings: research, study

受

Readings: ジュ、 う.ける、 -う.け、 う.かる

Meanings: accept, undergo, answer (phone), take, get, catch, receive

動

Readings: ドウ、 うご.く、 うご.かす

Meanings: move, motion, change, confusion, shift, shake

喫

Readings: キツ、 の.む

Meanings: consume, eat, drink, smoke, receive (a blow)

煙

Readings: エン、 けむ.る、 けむり、 けむ.い

Meaning: smoke

非

Readings: ヒ、 あら.ず

Meanings: un-, mistake, negative, injustice, non-

常

Readings: ジョウ、 つね、 とこ-

Meanings: usual, ordinary, normal, regular

有

Readings: ユウ、 ウ、 あ.る

Meanings: possess, have, exist, happen, occur, approx

害

Reading: ガイ

Meanings: harm, injury

明

Readings: メイ、 ミョウ、 ミン、 あ.かり、 あか.るい、 あか.るむ、 あか.らむ、 あき.らか、 あ.ける、 -あ.け、 あ.く、 あ.くる、 あ.かす

Meanings: bright, light

確

Readings: カク、 コウ、 たし.か、 たし.かめる

Meanings: assurance, firm, tight, hard, solid, confirm, clear, evident

示

Readings: ジ、 シ、 しめ.す

Meanings: show, indicate, point out, express, display