学校に本や紙や鉛筆がないのを知ると、彼女は棒きれで地面にアルファベットを書いた。

school

at (place, time); in; on; during; to (direction, state); toward; into; for (purpose); because of (reason); for; with; by; from; as (i.e. in the role of); per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month"); and; in addition to; if; although

book; volume; script; this; present; main; head; real; regular; counter for long cylindrical things; counter for films, TV shows, etc.; counter for goals, home runs, etc.; counter for telephone calls

such things as (non-exhaustive list related to a specific time and place); and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; as soon as; punctuational exclamation in haiku, renga, etc.; interjection expressing surprise; hi; plain copula; yes; what?; indicates a question

paper

pencil

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; still; and

nonexistent; not being (there); unpossessed; unowned; not had; unique; indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility; not ...; to not be...; to have not ...

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

to be aware of; to know; to be conscious of; to cognize; to cognise; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to remember; to be acquainted with (a procedure); to experience; to go through; to learn; to be acquainted with (a person); to get to know; to concern

if; when; and; with; particle used for quoting (with speech, thoughts, etc.); quoting particle; promoted pawn; indicates question (sentence end)

she; her; her; girlfriend; sweetheart

topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

pole; rod; stick

to break; to snap; to be cut; to split; to crack; to be injured; to wear out; to be worn out; to break; to burst; to collapse; to wear off; to stop working; to go dead; to expire (time limit, etc.); to run out; to become due; to run out (of stock, etc.); to be exhausted; to be used up; to be sold out; to be out of; to be broken off (e.g. of a relationship); to break up; to have severed ties; to be cut off; to be disconnected; to cut well; to be sharp; to be sharp-minded; to be keen; to be shrewd; to be quick-witted; to be able; to be short of; to drop under (a certain figure); to beat (e.g. a record time); to dry off; to curve; to veer; to shuffle (cards); to get angry; to snap; to blow one's top; to lose one's temper; to flip; to be able to do completely

indicates location of action; at; in; indicates time of action; indicates means of action; cause of effect; by; and then; so; indicates continuing action; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.

ground; earth's surface

alphabet

to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint