丘の上にかしの木がはえていますか。

hill; height; knoll; rising ground; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

flaw; defect; blemish

tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; still; and

to shine; to look attractive; to look pretty

indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical); or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; emphatic prefix; suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; in that way