交通整理の警官は、手や腕を振ることで運転手たちに方向を伝える。

traffic; transportation; communication; exchange (of ideas, etc.); intercourse

sorting; arrangement; organization; putting in order; adjustment; regulation; liquidation; settlement; consolidation; clearance (e.g. debt); paying off; retrenchment; curtailment; cutting down; disposal

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

policeman

topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker; help; trouble; care; effort; means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship; hand; handwriting; kind; type; sort; one's hands; one's possession; ability to cope; hand (of cards); direction; move (in go, shogi, etc.)

such things as (non-exhaustive list related to a specific time and place); and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; as soon as; punctuational exclamation in haiku, renga, etc.; interjection expressing surprise; hi; plain copula; yes; what?; indicates a question

arm; skill; efforts; ability

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

to wave; to shake; to swing; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody); to reject; to jilt; to dump; to abandon; to give up; to ruin; to add kana indicating a reading of a word; to slightly change headings; to change directions; to extract by broiling; to prepare an infusion of; to decoct; to carry with great vigor (e.g. a portable shrine); to bring up the main topic; to replace; to substitute; to set up a joke for somebody else

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis; circumstances; situation; state of affairs; work; business; affair; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to; nominalizing suffix; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...; alias; aka; nickname; alternative name; also known as

indicates location of action; at; in; indicates time of action; indicates means of action; cause of effect; by; and then; so; indicates continuing action; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.

at (place, time); in; on; during; to (direction, state); toward; into; for (purpose); because of (reason); for; with; by; from; as (i.e. in the role of); per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month"); and; in addition to; if; although

direction; orientation; bearing; way; course (e.g. of action)

to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart; to propagate; to teach; to bequeath