今朝は歴史の小テストがあった。

this morning

topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

history

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; younger or inferior (of two items or people with the same name); unit of field area (approx. 400 sq m)

test

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; still; and

to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to exist; to live; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about