本をたくさん買った。

book; volume; script; this; present; main; head; real; regular; counter for long cylindrical things; counter for films, TV shows, etc.; counter for goals, home runs, etc.; counter for telephone calls

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

a lot; lots; plenty; many; a large number; much; a great deal; a good deal; enough; sufficient; enough; too many; too much

to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke