森の中で犬がほえているのが聞こえる。

forest; shrine grove

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

inside; in; among; within; center (centre); middle; during; while

indicates location of action; at; in; indicates time of action; indicates means of action; cause of effect; by; and then; so; indicates continuing action; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.

dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); snoop (i.e. a detective, a spy, etc.); loser; asshole; counterfeit; inferior; useless; wasteful

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; still; and

to bark; to bay; to howl; to bellow; to roar; to cry

to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed