敵軍は首都の周囲を塹壕で固めていた。

Sentence Analyzer

敵軍は首都の周囲を塹壕で固めていた。

English Translation

The enemy was entrenched all around the capital.

Furigana

敵軍(てきぐん)は首都(しゅと)の周囲(しゅうい)を塹壕(ざんごう)で固(かた)めていた。

Romanji

Tekigun wa shuto no shūi o zangō de katameteita.

Words

敵軍 (てきぐん)

enemy army

は (は)

topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

首都 (しゅと)

capital city; metropolis

の (の)

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

周囲 (しゅうい)

surroundings; environs; circumference

を (を)

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

塹壕 (ざんごう)

trench; dugout

で (で、にて)

indicates location of action; at; in; indicates time of action; indicates means of action; cause of effect; by; and then; so; indicates continuing action; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.

固める (かためる)

to harden; to freeze; to strengthen; to solidify; to make (a fist); to tramp down (snow, dirt); to put together; to collect; to gather; to consolidate; to make secure; to stabilize; to settle down; to strengthen (belief, resolution, etc.); to establish (evidence); to fortify; to reinforce; to support; to wear for a specific purpose (armor, coat, etc.); to swear; to resolutely vow; to sincerely promise; to tie tightly; to fasten; to hold a bow fully drawn