This site will be taken down March 31st, 2026.

This was not an easy decision to make. For the last couple years, I have been struggling to find motivation for this site and to keep up with basic maintenance and security updates. With the rise of AI and more sophisticated tools, the usefulness of sites like this is questionable and traffic has nose-dived. I just don't have it in me to keep doing this. Thank you all for 10 years of support!

Zach

彼は上司のかわりに会議に出席した。

Sentence Analyzer

上司 かわり 会議 出席した

English Translation

He attended the meeting in place of his boss.

Furigana

(かれ)上司(じょうし)のかわりに会議(かいぎ)出席(しゅっせき)した。

Romanji

Kare wa jōshi no kawari ni kaigi ni shussekishita.

Words

(かれ)
he; him; his; boyfriend
()
topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
上司 (じょうし)
superior authorities; boss
()
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
換わり (かわり)
an exchange transaction
()
at (place, time); in; on; during; to (direction, state); toward; into; for (purpose); because of (reason); for; with; by; from; as (i.e. in the role of); per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month"); and; in addition to; if; although
会議 (かいぎ)
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention; congress
出席 (しゅっせき)
attendance; presence; appearance; to attend; to be present; to appear

Kanji

Readings: ヒ、 かれ、 かの、 か.の
Meanings: he, that, the
Readings: ジョウ、 ショウ、 シャン、 うえ、 -うえ、 うわ-、 かみ、 あ.げる、 -あ.げる、 あ.がる、 -あ.がる、 あ.がり、 -あ.がり、 のぼ.る、 のぼ.り、 のぼ.せる、 のぼ.す、 よ.す
Meanings: above, up
Readings: シ、 つかさど.る
Meanings: director, official, govt office, rule, administer
Readings: カイ、 エ、 あ.う、 あ.わせる、 あつ.まる
Meanings: meeting, meet, party, association, interview, join
Reading: 
Meanings: deliberation, consultation, debate, consideration
Readings: シュツ、 スイ、 で.る、 -で、 だ.す、 -だ.す、 い.でる、 い.だす
Meanings: exit, leave, go out, come out, put out, protrude
Readings: セキ、 むしろ
Meanings: seat, mat, occasion, place