彼らは、おしゃべりをしながら遅くまで起きていた。

they (usually male); them

topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

chattering; talk; idle talk; chat; chitchat; gossip; chatty; talkative; chatterbox; blabbermouth

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

to do; to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into); to serve as; to act as; to work as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.); to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as; to decide on; to choose; to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.); to be (in a state, condition, etc.); to be worth; to cost; to pass (of time); to elapse; verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs"); creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go"); to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to

while; during; as; while; although; though; despite; in spite of; notwithstanding; all; both; as (e.g. "as always", "as long ago"); in (e.g. "in tears")

slow; late (e.g. "late at night"); too late; dull; stupid

until (a time); till; to; up to; to (a place); as far as; to (an extent); up to; so far as; even; only; merely

to get up; to rise; to blaze up (fire); to wake up; to be awake; to stay awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen; to take place