彼らは英語を学びますか。

they (usually male); them

topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

English (language)

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in

indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical); or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; emphatic prefix; suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; in that way