This site will be taken down March 31st, 2026.

This was not an easy decision to make. For the last couple years, I have been struggling to find motivation for this site and to keep up with basic maintenance and security updates. With the rise of AI and more sophisticated tools, the usefulness of sites like this is questionable and traffic has nose-dived. I just don't have it in me to keep doing this. Thank you all for 10 years of support!

Zach

彼女は園芸の手引書を読んでいた。

Sentence Analyzer

彼女 園芸 手引書 読んでいた

English Translation

She was reading a gardening manual.

Furigana

彼女(かのじょ)園芸(えんげい)手引書(てびきしょ)()んでいた。

Romanji

Kanojo wa engei no tebikisho o yondeita.

Words

彼女 (かのじょ)
she; her; her; girlfriend; sweetheart
()
topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
園芸 (えんげい)
horticulture; gardening
()
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
手引書 (てびきしょ)
handbook; manual; guide; primer
()
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
読む (よむ)
to read; to count; to guess; to predict; to read (someone's thoughts); to see (e.g. into someone's heart); to divine

Kanji

Readings: ヒ、 かれ、 かの、 か.の
Meanings: he, that, the
Readings: ジョ、 ニョ、 ニョウ、 おんな、 め
Meanings: woman, female
Readings: エン、 その
Meanings: park, garden, yard, farm
Readings: ゲイ、 ウン、 う.える、 のり、 わざ
Meanings: technique, art, craft, performance, acting, trick, stunt
Readings: シュ、 ズ、 て、 て-、 -て、 た-
Meaning: hand
Readings: イン、 ひ.く、 ひ.き、 ひ.き-、 -び.き、 ひ.ける
Meanings: pull, tug, jerk, admit, install, quote, refer to
Readings: ショ、 か.く、 -が.き、 -がき
Meaning: write
Readings: ドク、 トク、 トウ、 よ.む、 -よ.み
Meaning: read