鉛筆が私の机の端から転がり落ちた。

pencil

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; still; and

I; me; private affairs; personal matter; secrecy; selfishness

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

desk

end (e.g. of street); tip; point; edge; margin; beginning; start; first; odds and ends; scrap; odd bit; least

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part); through (e.g. window, vestibule); after; since

to roll; to tumble; to fall over; to roll over; to lie down; to be scattered about; to be common; (of a situation or outcome) to change; to turn out

to fall down; to drop; to fall (e.g. rain); to sink (e.g. sun or moon); to fall onto (e.g. light or one's gaze); to be used in a certain place (e.g. money); to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class); to lose (contest, election, etc.); to crash; to degenerate; to degrade; to fall behind; to become indecent (of a conversation); to be ruined; to go under; to fade; to come out (e.g. a stain); to come off (e.g. makeup); to be removed (e.g. illness, possessing spirit, name on a list); to fall (into someone's hands); to become someone's possession; to fall (into a trap); to fall (for a trick); to give in; to give up; to confess; to flee; to fall; to be defeated; to surrender; to come to (in the end); to end in; to fall (in love, asleep, etc.); to swoon (judo); to consent; to understand; to crash; to freeze; to die; to move to the depths