「このペンを借りてもいいですか」「ええ、どうぞ」

this (something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or ideas expressed by the speaker)

pen

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire

too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence); both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence); even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than; even if; even though; although; in spite of; further; more; again; another; the other

good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable; sufficient (can be used to turn down an offer); ready; prepared; profitable (e.g. deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial; OK

be; is

indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical); or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; emphatic prefix; suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; in that way

yes; that is correct; right; um; errr; huh?; grrr; gah; Must I?; good

please; kindly; I beg of you; by all means; feel free; you are welcome; here you are