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This was not an easy decision to make. For the last couple years, I have been struggling to find motivation for this site and to keep up with basic maintenance and security updates. With the rise of AI and more sophisticated tools, the usefulness of sites like this is questionable and traffic has nose-dived. I just don't have it in me to keep doing this. Thank you all for 10 years of support!

Zach

3世紀前においてさえも、ほとんどの西ヨーロッパ人はまだ指を使っていた。

Sentence Analyzer

世紀 において さえ ほとんど 西 よーろっぱ人 まだ 使っていた

English Translation

Even three centuries ago, most Western Europeans still used their fingers.

Furigana

世紀(せいき)(まえ)においてさえも、ほとんどの西(にし)ヨーロッパ(じん)はまだ(ゆび)使(つか)っていた。

Romanji

San seiki mae nioite sae mo, hotondo no nishi Yo-Roppajin wa mada yubi o tsukatteita.

Words

(さん、み)
three; tri-
世紀 (せいき)
century; era
(まえ)
ago; before (some event); previously; (minutes) to (the hour); in front (of); before (e.g. the house); head (of a line); front (e.g. of a bus); fore part; in the presence of; helping; portion; privates; private parts
に於いて (において)
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
さえ (さえ)
even; if only; if just; as long as; the only thing needed
()
too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence); both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence); even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than; even if; even though; although; in spite of; further; more; again; another; the other
殆ど (ほとんど)
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but; just about; almost
()
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
西 (にし)
west
ヨーロッパ人 (ヨーロッパじん)
European (person)
()
topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
未だ (まだ、いまだ)
as yet; hitherto; only; still; not yet (with negative verb); more; besides; unfinished; incomplete; not yet finished with
(ゆび、および、おゆび)
finger; toe; digit
()
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
使う (つかう)
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume; to use (language); to speak

Kanji

Readings: セイ、 セ、 ソウ、 よ、 さんじゅう
Meanings: generation, world, society, public
Reading: 
Meanings: chronicle, account, narrative, history, annals, geologic period
Readings: ゼン、 まえ、 -まえ
Meanings: in front, before
西
Readings: セイ、 サイ、 ス、 にし
Meanings: west, Spain
Readings: ジン、 ニン、 ひと、 -り、 -と
Meaning: person
Readings: シ、 ゆび、 さ.す、 -さ.し
Meanings: finger, point to, indicate, put into, play (chess), measure (ruler)
使
Readings: シ、 つか.う、 つか.い、 -つか.い、 -づか.い
Meanings: use, send on a mission, order, messenger, envoy, ambassador, cause