あなたは昨日学校を休みました。

you (referring to someone of equal or lower status); dear (what a wife calls a husband)

topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

yesterday

school

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep; to turn in; to retire; to stop doing some ongoing activity for a time; to suspend business