あなたは緑と青を見分けることができますか。

you (referring to someone of equal or lower status); dear (what a wife calls a husband)

topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)

if; when; and; with; particle used for quoting (with speech, thoughts, etc.); quoting particle; promoted pawn; indicates question (sentence end)

blue; green; green light; black (horse coat color); immature; unripe; young

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

to distinguish; to recognize; to recognise; to tell apart; to differentiate (both figuratively and visually); to identify (whether an object is positive or negative in some aspect); to know the difference between something of superior and inferior quality (on sight or figuratively)

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis; circumstances; situation; state of affairs; work; business; affair; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to; nominalizing suffix; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...; alias; aka; nickname; alternative name; also known as

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; still; and

to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at; to be permitted (to do); to become intimate; to take up (with somebody); to grow; to be raised; to become pregnant

indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical); or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; emphatic prefix; suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; in that way