このコップには水が入っている。

this (something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or ideas expressed by the speaker)

glass (i.e. drinking vessel); tumbler; cop (police officer)

at (place, time); in; on; during; to (direction, state); toward; into; for (purpose); because of (reason); for; with; by; from; as (i.e. in the role of); per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month"); and; in addition to; if; although

topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout; break granted to wrestlers engaged in a prolonged bout

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; still; and

to get in; to go in; to come in; to flow into; to set; to set in