そのような痕跡がくっきりと残っているかどうかによって、これらの人々がいつも重労働に従事していたかどうかがわかる。

Sentence Analyzer

English Translation

The severity of such marks can reveal whether or not any of these people were habitually engaged in hard labor.

Furigana

そのような痕跡(こんせき)がくっきりと残(のこ)っているかどうかによって、これらの人々(ひとびと)がいつも重労働(じゅうろうどう)に従事(じゅうじ)していたかどうかがわかる。

Romanji

Sono yōna konseki ga kukkiri to nokotteiru ka dō ka niyotte, korera no hitobito ga itsumo jūrōdō ni jūjishiteita ka dō ka ga wakaru.

Words

其の (その)

that (something or someone distant from the speaker, close to the listener; actions of the listener, or ideas expressed or understood by the listener); the; um...; er...; uh...

様だ (ようだ)

(usu. at sentence-end) seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; indicates hope, wish, request or mild command

痕跡 (こんせき)

trace; traces; vestige; vestiges

が (が)

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; still; and

くっきり (くっきり)

distinctly (standing out); clearly; in sharp relief; boldly

と (と)

if; when; and; with; particle used for quoting (with speech, thoughts, etc.); quoting particle; promoted pawn; indicates question (sentence end)

残る (のこる)

to remain; to be left

か (か)

indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical); or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; emphatic prefix; suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; in that way

如何 (どう、いかが、いか)

how; in what way; how about

に因って (によって)

according to; by (means of); due to; because of

これ等 (これら)

these

の (の)

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

人々 (ひとびと、にんにん)

each person; people; men and women; everybody

何時も (いつも)

always; usually; every time; never

重労働 (じゅうろうどう)

heavy labor; heavy labour; hard labor (in prison); hard labour

に (に)

at (place, time); in; on; during; to (direction, state); toward; into; for (purpose); because of (reason); for; with; by; from; as (i.e. in the role of); per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month"); and; in addition to; if; although

従事 (じゅうじ)

engaging; pursuing; following (e.g. profession or occupation)

分かる (わかる)

to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow; to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized; to be realised; to be found out