This site will be taken down March 31st, 2026.

This was not an easy decision to make. For the last couple years, I have been struggling to find motivation for this site and to keep up with basic maintenance and security updates. With the rise of AI and more sophisticated tools, the usefulness of sites like this is questionable and traffic has nose-dived. I just don't have it in me to keep doing this. Thank you all for 10 years of support!

Zach

表面上、本書の大部分は一連の事例の変遷を記録したものである。

Sentence Analyzer

表面上 本書 部分 一連 事例 変遷 記録した もの ある

English Translation

On the surface the book consists mostly of a series of case histories.

Furigana

表面上(ひょうめんじょう)本書(ほんしょ)(だい)部分(ぶぶん)一連(いちれん)事例(じれい)変遷(へんせん)記録(きろく)したものである。

Romanji

Hyōmenjō, honsho no dai bubun wa ichiren no jirei no hensen o kirokushita mono de aru.

Words

表面上 (ひょうめんじょう)
on the surface; ostensibly; superficially; apparently
本書 (ほんしょ)
text; script; this book
()
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(おお)
big; large
部分 (ぶぶん)
portion; section; part
()
topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
一連 (いちれん)
series; chain; sequence; two reams (i.e. 1000 sheets of paper); verse; stanza
事例 (じれい)
example; precedent; case
変遷 (へんせん)
change; transition; vicissitudes
()
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
記録 (きろく)
record; minutes; document; a record (e.g. in sports); results; score; to record; to document; to set a record (e.g. in sports); to show a result; to reach a value
(もの、もん)
person
()
be; is; indicates past or completed action; indicates light imperative
(ある)
a certain ...; some ...

Kanji

Readings: ヒョウ、 おもて、 -おもて、 あらわ.す、 あらわ.れる、 あら.わす
Meanings: surface, table, chart, diagram
Readings: メン、 ベン、 おも、 おもて、 つら
Meanings: mask, face, features, surface
Readings: ジョウ、 ショウ、 シャン、 うえ、 -うえ、 うわ-、 かみ、 あ.げる、 -あ.げる、 あ.がる、 -あ.がる、 あ.がり、 -あ.がり、 のぼ.る、 のぼ.り、 のぼ.せる、 のぼ.す、 よ.す
Meanings: above, up
Readings: ホン、 もと
Meanings: book, present, main, origin, true, real, counter for long cylindrical things
Readings: ショ、 か.く、 -が.き、 -がき
Meaning: write
Readings: ダイ、 タイ、 おお-、 おお.きい、 -おお.いに
Meanings: large, big
Readings: ブ、 -べ
Meanings: section, bureau, dept, class, copy, part, portion, counter for copies of a newspaper or magazine
Readings: ブン、 フン、 ブ、 わ.ける、 わ.け、 わ.かれる、 わ.かる、 わ.かつ
Meanings: part, minute of time, segment, share, degree, one's lot, duty, understand, know, rate, 1%, chances, shaku/100
Readings: イチ、 イツ、 ひと-、 ひと.つ
Meanings: one, one radical (no.1)
Readings: レン、 つら.なる、 つら.ねる、 つ.れる、 -づ.れ
Meanings: take along, lead, join, connect, party, gang, clique
Readings: ジ、 ズ、 こと、 つか.う、 つか.える
Meanings: matter, thing, fact, business, reason, possibly
Readings: レイ、 たと.える
Meanings: example, custom, usage, precedent
Readings: ヘン、 か.わる、 か.わり、 か.える
Meanings: unusual, change, strange
Readings: セン、 うつ.る、 うつ.す、 みやこがえ
Meanings: transition, move, change
Readings: キ、 しる.す
Meanings: scribe, account, narrative
Readings: ロク、 しる.す、 と.る
Meaning: record