ナンシーはボブがコンテストで１等をとったことに驚いた。

topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

bob

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; still; and

contest

indicates location of action; at; in; indicates time of action; indicates means of action; cause of effect; by; and then; so; indicates continuing action; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.

one; best; first; foremost; beginning; start; bottom string (on a shamisen, etc.)

class; order; rank; et cetera; etc.; and the like; equal; iso-

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

to harvest (a crop)

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis; circumstances; situation; state of affairs; work; business; affair; after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to; nominalizing suffix; pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...; alias; aka; nickname; alternative name; also known as

at (place, time); in; on; during; to (direction, state); toward; into; for (purpose); because of (reason); for; with; by; from; as (i.e. in the role of); per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month"); and; in addition to; if; although

to be surprised; to be astonished