メアリーは母に無断でケーキを作った。

Sentence Analyzer

メアリー は 母 に 無断 で ケーキ を 作った 。

English Translation

Mary made a cake without her mother's knowledge.

Furigana

メアリーは母(はは)に無断(むだん)でケーキを作(つく)った。

Romanji

Meari- wa haha ni mudan de ke-ki o tsukutta.

Words

は (は)

topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

母 (はは、はわ、かか、おも、いろは、あも)

mother

に (に)

at (place, time); in; on; during; to (direction, state); toward; into; for (purpose); because of (reason); for; with; by; from; as (i.e. in the role of); per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month"); and; in addition to; if; although

無断 (むだん)

without permission; without notice

で (で、にて)

indicates location of action; at; in; indicates time of action; indicates means of action; cause of effect; by; and then; so; indicates continuing action; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.

ケーキ (ケーキ)

cake

を (を)

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

作る (つくる)

to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train; to till; to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write; to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose; to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found; to have (a child); to make up (one's face, etc.); to fabricate (an excuse, etc.); to form (a line, etc.); to set (a record); to commit (a sin, etc.)

Kanji

母

Readings: ボ、 はは、 も

Meaning: mother

無

Readings: ム、 ブ、 な.い

Meanings: nothingness, none, ain't, nothing, nil, not

断

Readings: ダン、 た.つ、 ことわ.る、 さだ.める

Meanings: severance, decline, refuse, apologize, warn, dismiss, prohibit, decision, judgement, cutting

作

Readings: サク、 サ、 つく.る、 つく.り、 -づく.り

Meanings: make, production, prepare, build