農夫達は稲を植えていた。

topic marker particle; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

rice-plant

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

to plant; to grow; to raise; to insert; to transplant; to implant; to set (type); to inoculate (e.g. an infectious agent); to instill (idea, value, etc.); to instil; to inculcate